Plastics are a wide variety of materials that be molded because of their malleability to make solid objects. They are organic compounds that may be synthetic or non-synthetic. They belong to the group of organic polymers with extremely high molecular masses. However, they may also contain other materials besides organic polymers. They may be natural partly, but mostly they are synthetic compounds derived from petrochemicals. Plastics manufacturing is inexpensive and very easy. The material is additionally versatile as well as impervious.
The use of plastics in the production of products is growing at an exponential rate owing to the many advantages that the materials present to manufacturers. The uses range from making spaceships to making toys for babies. Many of the materials that have traditionally dominated the manufacturing industry such as leather, glass, bone, wood, metal, paper, horn, stone, and ceramic are being replaced very fast.
In highly developed nations, plastics are used to make about a third of all packaging materials while another third makes building materials. Other industries that make heavy use of the material are furniture, automobile, and toys. The extent of use of plastic varies a lot in developed, developing, and underdeveloped nations. However, developing nations are picking up the speed, closing the gap with their developed counterparts. The medical field also finds huge use for this material.
Currently, there are several different types of plastics used for making different products. Some common types include polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, high impact polystyrene, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Fibers and textiles are manufactured from polyester. Polyethylene terephthalate is used to make bottles for carbonated drinks, plastic films, peanut butter jars, and microwavable packaging.
Many inexpensive commodities are manufactured from polyethylene. Some major examples include plastic bottles and shopping bags. Shower curtains, flooring, guttering, window frames, and plumbing pipes are some of the products manufactured from polyvinyl chloride. Packaging of foods in the modern market is done using materials made from polyvinylidene chloride. Polycarbonate makes riot shields, compact discs, lenses, eyeglasses, security windows, and traffic lights. Multiple classes of products are made from one type of plastic in some cases.
The description of the characteristics of plastic materials is based on the organic chemistry of the polymer it is made out of. Some common descriptors include oxidation, density, hardness, heat resistance, organic solvents, and ionizing radiation among many others. Even though plastic materials can be turned into electrical conductors, their level of electrical conductivity remains very low when compared to that of metals.
Pure plastics are only toxic to a very low level. This is because they are biochemically inert and they do not dissolve in water. The large molecular weights are responsible for biochemical inertness. Toxicity in products manufactured from plastic usually results from the additives added into the material. The leaching activity of the additives are responsible for toxicity.
As a result of toxicity, some countries enforce certain laws on the kind of additives that can be added in certain products. Plastic materials also degrade at a very low rate. Their chemical composition makes them resistant to most natural degradation processes.
The use of plastics in the production of products is growing at an exponential rate owing to the many advantages that the materials present to manufacturers. The uses range from making spaceships to making toys for babies. Many of the materials that have traditionally dominated the manufacturing industry such as leather, glass, bone, wood, metal, paper, horn, stone, and ceramic are being replaced very fast.
In highly developed nations, plastics are used to make about a third of all packaging materials while another third makes building materials. Other industries that make heavy use of the material are furniture, automobile, and toys. The extent of use of plastic varies a lot in developed, developing, and underdeveloped nations. However, developing nations are picking up the speed, closing the gap with their developed counterparts. The medical field also finds huge use for this material.
Currently, there are several different types of plastics used for making different products. Some common types include polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, high impact polystyrene, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Fibers and textiles are manufactured from polyester. Polyethylene terephthalate is used to make bottles for carbonated drinks, plastic films, peanut butter jars, and microwavable packaging.
Many inexpensive commodities are manufactured from polyethylene. Some major examples include plastic bottles and shopping bags. Shower curtains, flooring, guttering, window frames, and plumbing pipes are some of the products manufactured from polyvinyl chloride. Packaging of foods in the modern market is done using materials made from polyvinylidene chloride. Polycarbonate makes riot shields, compact discs, lenses, eyeglasses, security windows, and traffic lights. Multiple classes of products are made from one type of plastic in some cases.
The description of the characteristics of plastic materials is based on the organic chemistry of the polymer it is made out of. Some common descriptors include oxidation, density, hardness, heat resistance, organic solvents, and ionizing radiation among many others. Even though plastic materials can be turned into electrical conductors, their level of electrical conductivity remains very low when compared to that of metals.
Pure plastics are only toxic to a very low level. This is because they are biochemically inert and they do not dissolve in water. The large molecular weights are responsible for biochemical inertness. Toxicity in products manufactured from plastic usually results from the additives added into the material. The leaching activity of the additives are responsible for toxicity.
As a result of toxicity, some countries enforce certain laws on the kind of additives that can be added in certain products. Plastic materials also degrade at a very low rate. Their chemical composition makes them resistant to most natural degradation processes.
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