A windsturbine with their harvests the energy of winds rotor, converts it into electrical energy and feeds it into power grid. Also use the designations winds power plant, sometimes winds power converter (CHP), colloquially windsturbine or winds mill (wind turbine maintenance Idaho). Small plants that can be economically isolated operation are treated under winds generator; winds-driven pumps.
In addition, the rotor diameter is greater. A doubling of rotor blade length effected according to circle formula to quadruple the rotor surface. Until the late 1990s, the diameter was usually less than 50 meters, by around 2003 mostly between 60 and 90 meters. Since 2008, often come windsturbines with rotor diameters exceeding 90 meters used, which in 2012 the average value of new was installed systems.
Its simple, rugged design with a vertical axis of ten meters high and four arranged on a circle of eight meters in diameter Sailing a modest efficiency. Almost simultaneously, Charles F. Brush in Cleveland, Ohio oriented with a 20-meter-high plant at the time quite advanced windsmill technology. When it comes mills rather than on the torque on the speed; Brush used a two-stage translation with belt drives to drive a 12 kW generator.
The Dane Poul la Cour came in 1900 through systematic experiments - among others aerodynamic airfoil in winds tunnels - the concept of speed engine, in which only a few blades sufficient to exploit the energy of flow over the entire rotor surface. During the First World War, over 250 plants of this type in Denmark were in operation. In other countries winds engines were built for decentralized power generation in early 20th century. With the widespread electrification in interwar period, many ofse plants disappeared, equipped with DC generators and battery saving winds engines were not compatible with the AC power grid since.
After the Second World War, the winds energy research has been driven in different states. States such as France and Britain invested until c. 1965 heavily in winds power research. The promoted by the aviation improving the profile geometries in 1950s and 1960s to glide ratios well over 50 allowed extreme high speed with only a single rotor blade. Rotors with more than two leaves were regarded as backward. In view of low energy prices barely plants were built, with the exception of a few prototypes.
To a renaissance of winds energy came from the 1970s, among others as a result of environmental and energy debate and two oil crises. In some countries (such as Germany and the USA, among others) were reacted first to demanding industrial projects such as the two-leaf GROWIAN; but these had major technical problems and proved to be failures.
The exported also to thousands in 1980s in US plants had three rigid rotor blades (= no rigid blade angle adjustment) and a grid-connected inverter without phase machine with one or two fixed speeds. The capacity limitation was performed by flow separation. Archetype of this very successful concept was designed by Johannes Juul and in 1957 commissioned in Gedser windsturbine. It worked reliably up to its preliminary decommissioning in 1966 and was in late 1970s put back into service for a joint test program by scientists and NASA .
The performance of a winds rotor is usually expressed by its power is supplied to shaft relative to rotor surface and on the power density of winds. This fraction is referred to by Albert Betz as a power coefficient cp, colloquially called harvestable. He led the early 1920s from basic physical principles from a maximum achievable power coefficient.
In addition, the rotor diameter is greater. A doubling of rotor blade length effected according to circle formula to quadruple the rotor surface. Until the late 1990s, the diameter was usually less than 50 meters, by around 2003 mostly between 60 and 90 meters. Since 2008, often come windsturbines with rotor diameters exceeding 90 meters used, which in 2012 the average value of new was installed systems.
Its simple, rugged design with a vertical axis of ten meters high and four arranged on a circle of eight meters in diameter Sailing a modest efficiency. Almost simultaneously, Charles F. Brush in Cleveland, Ohio oriented with a 20-meter-high plant at the time quite advanced windsmill technology. When it comes mills rather than on the torque on the speed; Brush used a two-stage translation with belt drives to drive a 12 kW generator.
The Dane Poul la Cour came in 1900 through systematic experiments - among others aerodynamic airfoil in winds tunnels - the concept of speed engine, in which only a few blades sufficient to exploit the energy of flow over the entire rotor surface. During the First World War, over 250 plants of this type in Denmark were in operation. In other countries winds engines were built for decentralized power generation in early 20th century. With the widespread electrification in interwar period, many ofse plants disappeared, equipped with DC generators and battery saving winds engines were not compatible with the AC power grid since.
After the Second World War, the winds energy research has been driven in different states. States such as France and Britain invested until c. 1965 heavily in winds power research. The promoted by the aviation improving the profile geometries in 1950s and 1960s to glide ratios well over 50 allowed extreme high speed with only a single rotor blade. Rotors with more than two leaves were regarded as backward. In view of low energy prices barely plants were built, with the exception of a few prototypes.
To a renaissance of winds energy came from the 1970s, among others as a result of environmental and energy debate and two oil crises. In some countries (such as Germany and the USA, among others) were reacted first to demanding industrial projects such as the two-leaf GROWIAN; but these had major technical problems and proved to be failures.
The exported also to thousands in 1980s in US plants had three rigid rotor blades (= no rigid blade angle adjustment) and a grid-connected inverter without phase machine with one or two fixed speeds. The capacity limitation was performed by flow separation. Archetype of this very successful concept was designed by Johannes Juul and in 1957 commissioned in Gedser windsturbine. It worked reliably up to its preliminary decommissioning in 1966 and was in late 1970s put back into service for a joint test program by scientists and NASA .
The performance of a winds rotor is usually expressed by its power is supplied to shaft relative to rotor surface and on the power density of winds. This fraction is referred to by Albert Betz as a power coefficient cp, colloquially called harvestable. He led the early 1920s from basic physical principles from a maximum achievable power coefficient.
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